File-cutting machine



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.y

JAMES K. BARMER, on LAWRENCE, MASSACHUSETTS.

FILE-CUTTING MACHINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES K. BARKER, ot Lawrence, in the county of Essex and Gommonwealth of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Machine for Cutting Files; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figurel is aperspective view of the machine. Fig. 2 is an elevation of one side of machine. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the other side. Fig. 4 is an elevation of one end of machine. Fig. 5 is a plan of the machine. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the other end of machine. Fig. 7 is aframe firmly attached to the bed of the machine, to which is attached the rollers Q, the spiral sprin gs R, the cutter-holders O, and the fan-wheels J. Fig. Sis the same frame, showing rollers Q, spiral springs It, and the rods U, Src., to press upon the springs. Fig. 9 is an interior longitudinal elevation of the machine. Fig.10 shows the manner ot' adjusting the rods U, which bearon the spira-l sprin gs R. Fig. 11 represents plan of stand for the shank of the ile to bear against. Fig. 12 represents a side elevation of same. Fig. 13 represents a cam-whee1 to regulate the force of the springs H under the' hammer-handles. Fig. 14 represents a side elevation of chisel-holder. Fig. 15 represents plan of chisel-holder. Fig. 16 is an interior longitudinal elevation of chiselholder. Fig. 17 represents side elevation of hammer and the sprin gs to give additional force to the blow of the hammers.

' Ais the bed'of the machine, and is intended, When in use, to rest on a stone. A` has a border on each side raised higher than the general level of its surface, and serves to keep the feeding-carriage B in its place. 4The 'bed A and the feeding-carriage B can be made of. any width desirable to furnish room to work any number of hammers at the same time in the same machine, and to cut any series of files that may be desirable at the same time and in the same machine.

B is the feeding-carriage, its under surface resting on the upper surface of the bed A, and is moved by the screw D. On B are carried the file-blanks when being cut.

E E are irml y attached to the bed A oneaeh edge of it, and are high enough to receive the i hammer-handles G attheir proper elevation, which is at an inclination of about twenty degrecs to the horizon.

F F are hammers, and move on an axle passing through cach handle Gr, and fastened into the sides of the machine in E E.

H H are springs placed.` eitherabove orbelow the hammer-handles, as seen inFig.' 17, to give additional force tothe blowpt the hammers above to force down the blow of the hammer, or below to draw down the hammers, and thus increase the force of the blow. I shall adopt the springs below thehandles. One end of each sprin g `is fastened to the `rod B, which `passes from one side of the machine to the other, from t E to E. (See Fig. 4.) Said rod is supportedv or rests on the spiral springs A, which are at-` tached to each sideof the machine on the inside of E E. These spiral springs A are there t to give greater elasticity to the springs H. The springs H then pass under the rod 0, or they` may wind around` it, as convenience may die tate. The other end of the springs H are attached to the hammer-handles by means of a roller, F, at the end of each spring H, so that the under side o't' the roller F shall rest on the upper side of a plate, E, attached to each hammerhandle. The rollers F serve to lessen the friction when the hammers arein motion, vas A the rollers F will then roll along the plate E and back each time the hammers rise or drop.

The rod G, Figs. 4 and` 17 passes fromone side ofthe machine to the other, passing through E E in a vertical slot, so that it may rise or fall from one side of the machine to the other` through E E, and is made to work easily inla socket in E E, butnot 1008615 Upon this lastdescribed rod isa ratchet-wheel, and whichis also fastened immovably to the rod last named, and is placed at the side of the feeding-arm Z,

lighter blow at the point of the nie.

with a catch, D, attached to said feeding-arm v Z, and is so adjusted as to take cogs enough in the ratchet and at each movement of the feeding-arm Z to cause the cam-wheels X to make one revolution during the cutting the length of the le once.

The feeding-arm Z is moved by the fan-wheel I. rEhe movement of the arm Z causes the catch D to act on thc ratchet-Wheel, and which causes it to turn, and with it the small wheel Y, which turns the cam-wheels X by cogs or byfriction. The cam-wheels X have a circumference just equal in length to the length of the le to be cut. One side or one-half of the circumference of each of these cam-wheels X is a circle.

The other part of the circumference is a spiral. These cam-wheels X are on theends of the rod C, above described as an axle, and areintended to regulate the force of the blow of the hammers by causing the springs H to increase in stiffness .gradually in cutting the file from the point of the le to the ball or about the middle of the iile.

The position of the small wheelsW and the quently it would bear less at that point than at any other on the springs H, thus causing a As the machine moves the cam-wheels turn (as the fcut'ting proceeds) in the direction of the argrows. The springs H continue to stiften, be- I cause the distance between the circumference 54 of the wheelsWand the axle of the cam-wheels X or C increases, and, pushing C down gradu- ,ally'until we pass from the spiral part of the cams Xto the circular part, we shall then have cut to the ball of the le, and the springs H I have attained to their greatness stiffness or power to cause a heavy blow, they will continue of the same stiffness through the cutting of the tile, because the distance from the circumference of the wheels W to the axle of the. cam-wheels X will continue the same while passi'n g the circular part of the cam-wheels X.

When the le is cut through once the cam wheels X will have made one revolution, and the wheelsW and the camsX arein the same position as when we commenced to cut. It will not be necessary to change these cam-wheels Y ito correspond to the small variation in the length of the iile-blanks, as if the cani-wheel `X was calculated for a twelve-inch le one that was fourteen inches could be cut just as Vwell by stopping the movement of the cam- .&c.; or if the file-blanks are of an even width their whole length, requiring the same blow the whole length of them, we can set the camwheelsXat any point oftheir circumference to give such a blow as may be desired the catch D being thrown away from the ratchet, &c.

I is a fan-wheel which raises the hammers. The axle of the fan-wl1eel I passes through the machine from side to side through E E. (See Figs. 4 and 5.) On one end of the said axle is attached the pulley L, or gearing, to move the fan-wheels J. On the other end of the said axle, and just outside of the machine, is the ratchet-wheel d (see Fig. 4) and catch e, working in the same, for the purpose of holding thenhammers and chisels stationary part way up during the time that the carriage B is moving back and the file-blanks are adjusted on the carriage B, and at any other time when necessary. The next, C, is on the same axle of the fan-wheel I, and is geared into the small geared wheel b. The power to move the machine is applied to the wheel a, on the same axle with the small geared wheel b.

O is a chisel-holder, as seen in Figs. 14,15, and 16, and is made in two parts. The outside is a bar of iron of suitable width and thickness, and is bent so that the back shall be about forty-five degrees inclined to one of its sides and about one hundred and thirty-five to the other side, one or both of the sides to be long enough to reach to the fan-wheels J. The other interior part is a similar plate to the outside-that is, it is made of a har of iron, (see Figs. 16 and 14,) to which is attached the springs P, or an elastic substance, vas rubber. Screws are attached to the plate W, to pass through the back of the holder o on veach side of the chisels edges. The chisel rests against the back of the holder on a smooth surface.

In front ot' the chisel is the plate W, with the spring or elastic substance attached, and is drawn up more or less tight against the chisel by the thumb-screws G, which show on the back of the chisel-holder, the spring or elastic substance bearing directly against the chisel on the side of the'chisel next to the tooth of the le.-

The object of the spring or elastic substance placed in -front of the chisel is to allow the chisels a small forward movement as they enter the file, and thus allow the chisel to throw up the tooth of the file-particularly useful in cutting heavy coarse files.

The chisel-holder o is attached firm] y to the frame (see Figs. 6, 7, and-8) by an axle, H, and must be attached at several points in the length of the axle `H to the said frame, to prevent any vibration ofthe chisel. The said chisel-holder o is raised up by the fan-wheel J, which is ot' the same form exactly as the fan-wheel I, but of smaller diameter, and is made to turn on its axis just as often by means of the pulley L on the axis of the fan-wheel I and the pulley M on the axle of the fanwheel J. These two pulleys are of exactly the same size and form, having the belt Z passing from one to the other, so that when I makes one revolution J will make one also, and when properly adjusted the chisel-holder with the chisel will commence to rise exactly at the same point of time that the hammers com mence to rise, and so continue any length of time; or the same may be done more surely perhaps by three geared wheels of equal size and gear-one in place of each pulley L and M, the other placed intermediately between the two.

Q (see Figs. 7, 8, 9, let, and 16) are rollers attached to the frame 7 and 8, and are placed so as to rolljust in front ofthe chisel on the side next to the tooth of the file. The axle of each roller moves in a vertical slot up and down, according to the pressure upon them, in the tubes p ofthe frame, Figs. 7 and 8. The spiral springs R R just fit the inside ofthe tubes p, moving up or down against the side of said tubes, according to the pressure upon them. A part of each spring is below the axle of each roller and a part above each axle. The use of the spring below the roller-axle is to ease the roller from the tile-blank when the pressure is removed from above.

The object of the springs above the axles of the rollers is to bear on the axles of the rollers Q, and consequently on the {ile-blank, keeping it tirmly bedded close upto the chisel, and at the same time the springs R will be elastic enough to allow the rollers to roll along the whole length ofthe tile-blank, though it may vary considerable in thickness from the point to the heel.

The springs R are pressed down by means of the rods U, attached to the plate T, and the screws S-that is, the turning of the screws S causes the pressure more or less on the springs and rollers. The object of the rollers Q, sprin gs R, rods U, and screws S is to make sure that thetileistrmly bedded at the chisel-the point of cutting.

V are nuts on the rods U, made to receive screws cut right and left, so that when turned one way they will shorten and when turned the other way will lengthen the rods U--a common device in all machines, and is useful here in regulating the lengths of the rods U, and consequently the pressure on the tile-blanks a.

W, Figs. l1 and 12, are stands at the ends ofthe shanks of the tiles for the tile-blanks to bear against while cutting.V The front part, (seeFig.12,) against which the ijle-blanks bear, is curved toward the file-blanks vertically, with a radius equal to the length of the file to be cut, so that if the shank should riseup during the cutting it would have a constant bearing against the stand W and prevent any movement of the file-blank backward during the cutting of the tile. The stands W are (see Fig. 1l) fastened to the carriage B by a screw working in a slot, so that the stand may be moved by loosening the screw and adjusted.

The machine is fed by the screw D, moved by the bevelgear M, one of which is on the end of the screw D. The other is on the axle of the feeding-wheel g, which is a ratchet-wheel,

having the catch h acting upon it by means of the feeding-lever j, attached to the feeding-arm z, or to one of the hannner-handles, by the connecting-rod Z, and as the feeding-arm riseslifting thefeeding-lcver, turning the ratchet-wheel g bythe aid ofthe catcht. There may be any convenient number ot' catches to the wheel g, so placed as to divide the tooth of the wheel into small parts, thus making sure that -some one of the catches would act immediatelyon the tooth, and thus insure an exact feed. It will be perceived that the machine feeds only when the hammers are rising up, and then just far enough for the tooth of the tile. The feed for a coarser or finer le is regulated by` the moving of the connectingrod k along the feeding-arm z and the feedinglever t toward the axle of the hammers for a finer cut, and

toward 'the hammers for a coarser cnt. The reason, I suppose, is apparent, for when the connecting-rod k is moved toward the axles of l mers, for there is the greatest motion of `the feeding-arm and a shorter radius of feeding lever. Consequently it will cause the ratchet g to turn faster.

a is a le-blank, and is cut on the curved i surface of a cylinder, L, or on the curved surface of any segment of a cylinder. (See Fig. 4.)

The object of using the curved surface to cut files on is that it insures an even cut across the tile, as the curved surface will allow the file to tip a little as the chisel presses onto it, and thus the file-blank will adjust itself to the chisel.

The wheel f is attached to theaxle of the ratchet-wheel g, and is the wheel to which the poweris applied to move back thccarriagewhen the le is cut. Now, when Icommence to use my machine, I cause the wheel a to turn just enough to raise the hammers and chisels from the tile-blanks. I then loosen the rollers from the file-blank by turning the thumb-screws s, and then adjust the file-blanks `to their beds. I then press the fileblanks down by turning the screws s tirmly on their beds, and then start the machine by applying the power to the wheel a, which moves in the direction of the arrows, and when the lile is cut once through I stop the machine when the hammers and chisels are part way up. I then remove the catch It from the ratchet-wheel g and apply the poweu to the wheelf, which will drive the carriage B back to its first position, and having thrown` the catch h onto the wheel g, and having adjusted the tile-blanks as before, the lnachine is the bed A of the machine, and independent of the carriage B, in combination with the chisel-` holders o, rollers Q, the springs R, and the means of operating` the springs and chiselholder.

mers and chisels, consisting, essentially, of the combination of the elementsabove claimed, and operating substantially :1s herein set forth and 3. The springs H and the cam-Wheels X, ar- I described. raneed as described to regulate the force of thebsprings H, for the7 purpose herein set forth. Il JAMES K' BARKEH' [L' sf] 4. The described improved machine for cut- VViLnesses: ting a series of les at; the same time in the JOHN C. DOW,

J. H. DANA.

same Ina-chine by a corresponding series of ham- 

